Multiple printed circuit boards in a card-cage and that case with components connected by a backplane that was a set of interconnected sockets were served the purpose of motherboard before the invention of microprocessor. In that time pc CPU, memory, and peripherals were using individual printed circuit boards that plugged into the backplane. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, it became cost effective to use a motherboard for increasing number of peripheral. In late 1980s boards started to include single ICs that supports low-speed peripherals with serial ports, and parallel ports.

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By the end of the 1990s most of the boards has included audio, video, storage, and networking functions without any expansion cards. This is how the process of integration developed over the time. The Function of Motherboard.